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The basics
- Transport Canada (TC)
- The Canadian government department that regulates aviation — including drones. They issue your certificate and run the exam.
More info
- RPAS
- "Remotely Piloted Aircraft System" — the official term Transport Canada uses for drone. Same thing, fancier name.
- Drone Pilot Certificate
- The official document Transport Canada issues once you pass the exam (and flight review for Advanced). Comes in Basic and Advanced tiers.
More info
- 250 grams
- The weight cutoff. Drones under 250g don't need a certificate. Drones 250g and up always do.
- Micro drone
- Any drone under 250g. No pilot certificate required, but you still must follow basic safety rules (don't fly over people, stay clear of airports, etc.).
- MTOW
- "Maximum Take-Off Weight" — the heaviest your drone can be at takeoff (drone + battery + payload). Listed on the spec sheet.
Certificates & pathways
- Basic certificate
- Entry-level pilot certificate. Lets you fly in uncontrolled airspace, away from people. Free course, $10 Transport Canada exam.
RPAS Centre Basic pathway
- Advanced certificate
- The next tier up. Required if you fly near people, in controlled airspace, or for commercial work. Includes a practical flight test.
RPAS Centre Advanced pathway
- Level 1 Complex Operations
- The top tier — required for BVLOS missions. Built on top of an Advanced exam pass. $99 ground school + extra exam + flight review.
RPAS Centre L1C pathway
- Flight Reviewer Affiliation
- For Advanced-certified pilots who want to certify others. Lets you administer flight reviews under RPAS Centre's network.
More info
- SFOC
- "Special Flight Operations Certificate" — case-by-case authorization from Transport Canada for operations that fall outside the standard rules (e.g. fireworks shows, large events).
More info
Airspace & rules
- Uncontrolled airspace
- Areas not managed by Air Traffic Control. Most of rural Canada falls here. Looser rules — Basic certificate works.
- Controlled airspace
- Areas managed by Air Traffic Control — typically around airports and over cities. You need an Advanced certificate plus an RPAS Flight Authorization (NAV CANADA) to fly here.
- NAV CANADA
- The private company that runs Canada's air traffic control. They issue RPAS Flight Authorizations for controlled airspace operations.
More info
- VLOS
- "Visual Line of Sight" — you can always see your drone with your own eyes. How most pilots fly. Default for Basic and standard Advanced operations.
- EVLOS
- "Extended Visual Line of Sight" — the drone flies farther than the pilot can see, but a Visual Observer keeps eyes on it. Allowed under an Advanced certificate.
- BVLOS
- "Beyond Visual Line of Sight" — drone goes farther than anyone can see. Fully unobserved BVLOS requires Level 1 Complex certification (and special procedures). If a Visual Observer is involved, that's EVLOS, not true BVLOS.
- Visual Observer (VO)
- A second person who keeps eyes on the drone while the pilot focuses on the controls. Advanced pilots use a VO to fly EVLOS; L1C is only required for unobserved BVLOS.
- Site survey
- A pre-flight walkthrough of where you'll fly — checking for obstacles, people, weather, airspace restrictions. Required for many advanced operations.
- NOTAM
- "Notice to Airmen" — official advisories about temporary airspace conditions (events, hazards, closures). You should check before every flight.
Check NOTAMs
Training & testing
- Ground school
- The classroom/online learning portion of certification — as opposed to the actual flying portion. Covers regulations, weather, navigation, etc.
- Flight review
- A practical, in-person flight test with a certified reviewer. Required for Advanced certificate — like a driver's road test.
- Drone Management Portal
- Transport Canada's online portal where you take the exam, pay fees, register your drone, and download your certificate.
Open portal
- TP 15263
- Transport Canada's official "Knowledge Requirements for Pilots of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems" — the standards document your training is based on.
- TP 15935
- Transport Canada's standards document for Flight Reviewers. Defines what a reviewer must know and how reviews must be conducted.
- CARs
- "Canadian Aviation Regulations" — the master rulebook for everything that flies in Canada. Drone-specific rules are in Part IX.
CARs full text